[Abstract]The essence of modern democracy lies in equal respecting for every citizen, and to protect his rights and freedom in politics. The conception of Kate’s End Realm in philosophy embodies the spirit of democracy. To transfer the Kate’s End Realm into the political conception, we can get the conception of individual rights. Modern democracy not only represents the ideas of people, but also respects the basic rights and protects the basic freedom of every citizen. The principle of majority is one operating principle which democracy sets up. The principle of majority leads to rule of majority. However, the rule of majority often results in the dictatorship of majority in the history of democracy, namely, the dictatorship of majority to minority, to suppress, to sanction or even to die out the minority. Democracy institution in Ancient Greek is one of majority dictatorship, and in the early time of modern Western democracy, for example, in America, there was the problem of majority dictatorship. Mass dictatorship was the autocracy or tyranny by majority democracy (or called it “Great Democracy”) in the period of Great Culture Revolution in China. The essence of majority dictatorship lies in the dictatorship to the minority who have the political or religious opinions different from majority. There also is another dictatorship which can be called by minority dictatorship, or called by elite rule which is the one to society by the few of politicians, kings, empires, other autocrats or group of autocrats. Though the elite dictatorship if the one to majority, the most sufferers of the people are minority who are against the rule or have different opinions about politics. The elite rule can not survive if the opposites become majority. Therefore, the elite rule is the dictatorship to minority. From majority dictatorship to the elite rule, though it is different kinds of patterns, the nature of two is the same and the nature is no rights for the minority, or not protect the rights of minority. To protect the rights of minority and to limit the rights of majority, the basic way is to protect the freedom of speech of minority. To build modern democracy in China, we are not only to form one kind of environment, where we can find effective majority who can express their selves in their hearts, but also to protect the rights of minority. The effective majority presupposes to protect the rights of minority. To guard the rights of minority is the measure of building modern state of democracy.